Inflammatory perivascular cuffs are comprised of leucocytes that accumulate in the perivascular space around post-capillary venules before their infiltration into the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Inflammatory perivascular cuffs are commonly found in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis and in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Leuc...

The perivascular implantation of tissue-engineered endothelial cells around injured arteries offers an opportunity to study fundamental vascular physiology as well as restore and improve tissue function. Cell source is an important issue because the ability to implant either xenogeneic or allogeneic cells would greatly enhance the clinical applications of tissue-engineered grafts. We investigat...

BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contained in tobacco smoke and a variety of environmental and occupational dusts is a toxic agent causing lung inflammation characterized by migration of neutrophils and monocytes into alveoli. Although migration of inflammatory cells into alveoli of LPS-treated rats is well characterized, the dynamics of their accumulation in the perivascular space (PVS) lea...

normal pressure hydrocephalus (nph) is characterized by gait apraxia, urinary incontinence, and dementia. mixed connective tissue disease (mctd) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that has never been reported to cause nph. our patient was a 67-year man with a one-year history of gradual worsening gait and balance, urinary urgency with urge incontinence and decreased short-term memory. p...

Figure 2. A) Skin. A slight perivascular infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells and dermal melanophages (arrows) are seen (HEx200). B) An increment in melanin pigment in basal keratinocytes (arrow heads) and dermal melanophages (white arrows) are highlighted by Fontana-Masson stain (x200). Figure 1. Patchy melanoderma lesions mimicking ecchymoses in the legs, trunk.

One of the strongest predictors for HIV-1-associated dementia is the presence of monocytic infiltration in perivascular areas of the brain. Therefore, macrophages have been suggested to play a major role in the development of this disease. This review focuses on possible mechanisms through which the macrophage may enhance disease progression by mediating neuronal damage.

A 65 year old man developed progressive signs of pontine and medullary dysfunction with striking bilateral paralysis of lateral gaze, dysarthria, dysphagia, and ataxia. A respiratory death occurred seven months from the onset. Pathological examination revealed focal brain-stem changes of perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, microglial infiltration, glial nodules, and neuronophagia. No underlying m...

Jessner lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is an uncommon skin disorder characterized by benign accumulations of lymphocytes by a “coat-sleeve”-like perivascular infiltration in the skin [1]. These small lesions are solid, pink or red in colour and appear on the face, neck and back. The lesions may remain unchanged for several years and then spontaneously disappear, leaving no scars [2]. Prog...

Normal Pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by gait apraxia, urinary incontinence, and dementia. Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that has never been reported to cause NPH. Our patient was a 67-year man with a one-year history of gradual worsening gait and balance, urinary urgency with urge incontinence and decreased short-term memory. P...