OBJECTIVE Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or hepatic steatosis. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), using ceramide as one of the substrates to produce sphingomyelin, sits at the crossroads of sphingolipid biosynthesis. SMS has 2 isoforms: SMS1 and SMS2. SMS2 is the major isoform in liver. APPROACH AND RESULTS ...

1. Dubuquoy L, Jansson EA, Deeb S, et al. Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2003;124(5):1265-1276. doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00271-3 CrossRef Google Scholar

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of various genes. PPAR-γ plays roles in lipid homeostasis, sebocyte maturation, and peroxisome biogenesis and has shown anti-inflammatory effects. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in human sebaceous glands. Disruption of PPAR-γ is believed to be one of the mechanisms of primar...

Early after stroke onset, ischemic injury is exacerbated by a robust inflammatory response that involves a local reaction as well as an influx of blood-borne cells recruited by cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines. Among these cells, neutrophils are rapidly mobilized from the bone marrow to provide an effective innate immune response; they rapidly infiltrate into the ischemic brain (a ...

OBJECTIVE Critical limb ischemia is a severe form of peripheral artery disease (PAD) for which neither surgical revascularization nor endovascular therapy nor current medicinal therapy has sufficient therapeutic effects. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonists present angiogenic activity in vitro; however, systemic administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ago...

The contributions of altered post-transcriptional gene silencing to the development of metabolic disorders remain poorly understood thus far. The objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of miR-181a in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. MiR-181a is abundantly expressed in the liver, and we found that blood and hepatic miR-181a levels were significantly increased in...