in the past, disease diagnosis was based on symptoms that might be indicative of several diseases. nowadays, diagnosis of some diseases has become more accurate because we are able to test for genes known to be associated with the disease. this method not only clearly identifies the presence of a particular disease; it can also precisely determine the subtype of the disease. throughout history,...

The aim of this study is to point out whether personalization of mathematical word problems could affect student achievement or not. The research was applied on two-grades students at spring semester 2008-2009. Before the treatment, students personal data were taken and given to the computer. During the treatment, paper-based personalized problems and paper-based non personalized problems were ...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and includes ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease. during last decades, the incidence of ibd   has increased, both in children as well as in adults (1–3). while the precise etiology of ibd is unknown, inflammatory bowel disease occure due to an abnormal immune response to luminal antigens i...