Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most important energy resource since it is clean, pollution free, and inexhaustible. Due to rapid growth in the semiconductor and power electronics techniques, it is important to operate PV energy conversion systems near the maximum power point to increase the output efficiency of PV arrays. The output power of PV arrays is always changing with weather conditions...

We have suggested that the Yang-Mills(YM) field can be a kind of candidate of inflation at high energy scale or dark energy at the very low energy scale, which can naturally give the matter state of ω < 0, even it can give ω < −1. In this paper, we discuss the perturbation theory of the YM field, and give a series of equations which can describe the evolution of the YM field’s perturbation in t...

in this paper, elzaki homotopy perturbation method is employed for solving linear and nonlinear differential equations with a variable coffecient. this method is a combination of elzaki transform and homotopy perturbation method. the aim of using elzaki transform is to overcome the deficiencies that mainly caused by unsatised conditions in some semi-analytical methods such as homotopy perturbat...

here, a new method called aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method(athpm) is used to solve nonlinear partial dierential equations, we presenta reliable combination of homotopy perturbation method and aboodh transformto investigate some nonlinear partial dierential equations. the nonlinearterms can be handled by the use of homotopy perturbation method. the resultsshow the eciency of this...

We investigate the hard nonresonant excitation of the forced Duffing equation with a positive damping parameter E. Using the symbolic manipulation system MACSYMA, a computer algebra system. we derive the two term perturbation expansion by the method of multiple time scales. The resulting approximate solution is valid for small values of the coefficient e As the damping parameter e increases, th...

in this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (hpm) and elzaki transform is employed to obtain the approximate analytical solution of the sine gorden and the klein gorden equations. the nonlinear terms can be handled by the use of homotopy perturbation method. the proposed homotopy perturbation method is applied to reformulate the first and the second order initial value problems which leads ...

We show there exists a mathematically consistent framework in which the Renormalization Program can be understood in a natural manner. The framework does not require any violations of mathematical rigor usually associated with the Renormalization program. We use the framework of the non-local field theories [these carry a finite mass scale Λ]and set up a finite perturbative program. We show how...