Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) are natural toxins produced by fungus belonging to genus Aspergillus. These toxins are the secondary metabolites, which may cause teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects due to contamination of food. Peanut is an economically important crop, grown in many parts of the world. The main aim of this survey was to detect AFs in peanut oils marketed in Peshawar, ...

BACKGROUND We sought to describe the characteristics and operational dynamics of male sex workers (MSW) and hijra sex workers (HSWs) in 11 cities across Pakistan in 2011. METHODS We report descriptive statistics of self-reported sexual behaviour data from cross-sectional mapping and biological and behavioural surveys conducted among 1431 MSWs and 1415 HSWs in four cities across Pakistan in 20...

1 Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan, 3 School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Malaysia, 4 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia, 5 Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan, 6 Faculty of Pharmaceutical ...

Moths were collected from different parts of Peshawar during June to August in 2007 to determine their diversity, species richness and evenness. A total number of 774 moth specimens were collected by using simple light traps operated from dusk to dawn daily for sixty nights. The moths caught were identified up to family level. Families Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Arctiidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae an...

The m-photon Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is a natural generalization of the much studied Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. In this short note we give the relevant operators for the time-dependent generalized m-photon JaynesCummings Hamiltonian. The dynamical equations for these operators are also given. These operators are needed and indeed are the basic building blocks for performing calculations i...

Objective: To determine the relative frequency of various parts of temporal bone eroded by cholesteatoma. Place and duration of study: This was a combined study conducted in the ENT Departments of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, and Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. The study took place over a period of 5 years from January1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. Sample ...

OBJECTIVE To document the clinical presentation and epidemiology of various types of acute leukemia with their respective referral source at a tertiary level centre in Peshawar. STUDY DESIGN An observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Pathology, Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar, from January 2011 to May 2012. METHODOLOGY A total of 618 bone marrow biopsy rep...

OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of homicidal deaths caused by rifled weapons in Peshawar as regards the parameters of age, gender, place of occurrence and the number and location of injuries on the body. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, from June 200...