The duplication of the nuclear gene encoding the cytosolic isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) originated within Clarkia, a genus of annual plants native to California. Previous immunological studies showed that species with and without the duplication have the same levels of cytosolic PGI activity (relative to that of the plastid PGI isozyme), as well as similar levels of cyt...

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that plays a key role in glycolysis. PGI is also a multifunctional protein that acts in the extracellular milieu as a potent mitogen/cytokine. Increased expression of PGI and its receptor has been found in a wide spectrum of malignancies and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, the role of PGI in the...

Phosphoglucose isomerase/autocrine motility factor (PGI/AMF) is secreted by tumors and influences tumor growth and metastasis. In order to investigate the effects of silencing PGI/AMF on the migration and the sphere forming abilities of human glioblastoma U87 cells, as well as on the side population cells (SPCs), PGI/AMF was silenced using siRNA. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to a...

To clarify the role of the PGI(2)/PGI(2) receptor (IP) system in rabbit cortical collecting duct (RCCD), we characterized the expression of IP receptors in the rabbit kidney. We show by Northern and Western blotting that IP mRNA and protein was detectable in all three regions of the kidney. To determine how PGI(2) signals, we compared the effects of different PGI(2) analogs [iloprost (ILP), car...

Introduction: In this study the effect of Matricaria recutita extract on acute pain in the presence and absence of flumazenil (antagonist of benzodiazepine) and lesioned paragigantocellularis (PGi) nucleus was investigated. Method: Wistar male rats (250±20 g) were used. Animals were grouped randomly into intact, sham and bilateral lesion of PGi nucleus. Intact and lesioned animals, each...

In this study the effect of adenosine and caffeine on spontaneous activity of paragigantocellularis (PGi) neurons was investigated. The spontaneous activity of PGi neurons was significantly decreased by microinjection of adenosine (10 nM, 0.5 µl) into PGi nucleus of both control and morphine-dependent rats. The decrease in firing rate of PGi neurons of morphine-dependent rats was greater than t...

AIM To evaluate the Immunomodulatory effects of CagA expression; pepsinogen I, II & gastrin-17 on PMNs and lymphocytes Fas expression in inflammatory and gastric cells; demographic distribution of Fas molecule in gastric tissue and inflammatory cells. METHODS Gastroduodenal biopsies were taken from 80 patients for histopathology and H. pylori diagnosis. Serum samples were used for evaluation ...