The paper gives a summary of approaches to describing and modelling safety characteristics, including safety functions and barriers. In three examples, the safety function concept has been used to describe how actual safety systems worked. The examples are an incident investigation, a safety analysis of a part of a pharmaceutical plant, and safety rules in the railway industry. Advantages and d...

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new...

Industrial discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the environment in some middle- and low-income countries is not sufficiently regulated. The phytotoxicity of metronidazole (FLAGYL)-one of the most commonly used over the counter (OTC) antibiotics, to soybean (Glycine max) is investigated. Relative growth rate (RGR) expressed in gram per gram per day (gg-1d-1) was applied to ...

Background & Aims: Access to the non-documented experiences and information is one of the valuable ways for developing pharmaceutical sciences and a basis for production of new drugs. Ethnobotany is the science of recovering endangered non-documented traditions. Protection of these traditions would be a precious guide to gain access to new drug sources. The aim of this study was to identify and...

Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are important vegetatively propagated fruit plants. They used as food, medicinal plants, and in pharmaceutical cosmetic industry. For the protection of inte...

Current human biologics are most commonly produced by mammalian cell culture-based fermentation technologies. However, its limited scalability and high cost prevent this platform from meeting the ever increasing global demand. Plants offer a novel alternative system for the production of pharmaceutical proteins that is more scalable, cost-effective, and safer than current expression paradigms. ...

Abstract There is an increasing eco-toxicological risk associated with pharmaceuticals globally. The prevalence of six active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was studied in effluents three manufacturing plants (PMPs) and two wastewater treatment (WWTPs) Kampala, Uganda to ascertain the removal potentials for APIs. APIs include atenolol, losartan, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromyci...

Central Research Laboratories, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a Shimokotachi 1624 Kohda-cho, Takata-gun, Hiroshima 729-64, Japan, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, b Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734, Japan, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tsukuba Medicinal Plant Research Station, c Hachimandai, Yatabe-cho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan, To...