Rye Primary Leaf, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inhibitor, 2-Aminoindan-2-phosphonic Acid, Photosystem II Damage, Ultraviolet-B In the epidermal layers of rye primary leaves two flavone glycosides and several hydroxycinnamoyl esters are localized, whereas the mesophyll contains two flavone glucuronides and two anthocyanins. The concentrations of all these potential UV-B protective phenylpropanoid...

L-Phenylalanine is one of the essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in mammals in adequate amounts to meet the requirements for protein synthesis. Fungi and plants are able to synthesize phenylalanine via the shikimic acid pathway. L-Phenylalanine, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, is used directly for protein synthesis in plants or metabolized through the phenylpropanoid pathw...

We analyzed lignin content and composition in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines altered in the expression of the early phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H). The reduction of C4H activity by antisense expression or sense suppression resulted in reduced levels of Klason lignin, accompanied by a decreased syringyl/guaiacyl ...

A new phenylpropanoid glycoside isoangoroside C was isolated from the roots of Scrophularia scorodonia. Its structure was determined on the basis of spectral data as: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-beta-phenylethoxy-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosy l-(1-->6)alpha L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O-Z-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Additionally, one known phenylpropanoid, angoroside C, and five known iridoid glycosid...

The products of phenylpropanoid metabolism in Arabidopsis include the three fluorescent sinapate esters sinapoylglucose, sinapoylmalate, and sinapoylcholine. The sinapoylmalate that accumulates in cotyledons and leaves causes these organs to appear blue-green under ultraviolet (UV) illumination. To find novel genes acting in phenylpropanoid metabolism, Arabidopsis seedlings were screened under ...

Floral scent, which is determined by a complex mixture of low molecular weight volatile molecules, plays a major role in the plant’s life cycle. Phenylpropanoid volatiles are the main determinants of floral scent in petunia (Petunia hybrida). A screen using virus-induced gene silencing for regulators of scent production in petunia flowers yielded a novel R2R3-MYB–like regulatory factor of pheny...

Willow is an important biomass crop for the bioenergy industry, and therefore optimal growth with minimal effects of biotic and abiotic stress is essential. The phenylpropanoid pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of not only lignin but also of flavonoids, condensed tannins, benzenoids and phenolic glycosides which all have a role in protecting the plant against biotic and abiotic stress...

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants. It is required for the biosynthesis of lignin and acts as a starting point for the production of many other important compounds involved in growth and development. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway. PAL gene expression changes during the growth and development of...

Relative antioxidant activities of a methanolic extract of three phenylpropanoid glycosides and three iridoid glycosides from Wulfenia carinthiaca were evaluated using the Briggs-Rauscher (BR) reaction method. This method is based on the inhibitory effects by antioxidants on oscillations of the BR reaction. The total extract showed a certain antioxidant activity with respect to resorcinol chose...

Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences in its promoter. These transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, a...