Externalist theories in natural language semantics have become the orthodoxy since Kripke is widely thought to have refuted descriptive theories involving internal cognitive representation of meaning. This shift may be seen in developments in philosophy of language of the 1970s – the direct reference “revolution against Frege” (Wettstein 2004, 66). Almog (2005, 493) writes of the “uprising agai...

The article presents a study of the formation and development bioethical discourse based on analysis leading philosophical concepts, doctrines, religious beliefs about value life in various manifestations its being. authors note that beginning axiological reflection problem living can be found works ancient philosophers early Christian as attempts to sacralise life. Moreover, attribute signific...

W. S. CRAIG, History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976, 4to, pp. xxix, 1125, illus., £35.00. An immense amount of labour was spent on this book by the late Professor W. S. Craig, and it is tragic that he did not live to see the finished product. It will, however, serve to commemorate the College's forthcoming tercentenary. Since its...

The oppression of Chinese women is typically blamed on Confucianism. We present a version of Confucianism that relies on the metaphysics of the I Ching, one of the "canonical" Confucian texts, and on more characteristic Confucian doctrines. These metaphysical, anthropological, and ethical beliefs would, if fully implemented, replace the early Confucian hierarchy based partly on gender with a hi...

Ancient Chinese philosophy already developed a philosophy of humanitarianism or humanity in the general sense. The concept of "Ren" / "Jen" was indeed a main idea already in Confucianism. It was to my mind Mencius, who was the most explicit, if not even the first, philosopher of what I call concrete humanity. The article takes up Albert Schweitzer's discussion of MengZi's philosophical humanita...

Abstract Setting off from a familiar distinction in the philosophy of properties, this paper introduces tripartite between sparse causation, abundant causation and mere (instances latter forming sub-class causation). It is argued that contrast allows us to resolve notorious philosophical issues having do with negative involving institutional properties physical macro-causation way unified, intu...