Much seems to be at stake in metaphysical questions about, for example, God, free will or morality. One thing that could be at stake is the value of the universe we inhabit-how good or bad it is. We can think of competing philosophical positions as describing possibilities, ways the world might turn out to be, and to which value can be assigned. When, for example, people hope that God exists, o...

Formal models for group knowledge can help philosophers gain additional insight into the ramifications of the philosophical concepts that they propose by clarifying the abstract properties of these concepts and their relationship to alternative proposals. To date, however, formal treatments of group knowledge have remained largely disjointed from the related philosophical discussions and are th...

A closer look at the theories and questions in philosophy of technology and ethics of technology shows the absence and marginality of non-Western philosophical traditions in the discussions. Although, increasingly, some philosophers have sought to introduce non-Western philosophical traditions into the debates, there are few systematic attempts to construct and articulate general accounts of et...

political legitimacy(legitimation - legitimization) is an important phenomenon and fact. therefore questions about؛ resources، origin، authority، basis، standards of political legitimacy are basic and permanent questions. good question is half of answer. therefore there are important questions about political legitimacy in all societies in the world wide(worldly/globality) and along the history...

In an article in Cognition [Machery, E., Mallon, R., Nichols, S., & Stich, S. (2004). Semantics cross-cultural style. Cognition, 92, B1-B12] present data which purports to show that East Asian Cantonese-speakers tend to have descriptivist intuitions about the referents of proper names, while Western English-speakers tend to have causal-historical intuitions about proper names. Machery et al. ta...

Within nursing, critical thinking is a required skill that educators strive to foster in their students' development for use in complex healthcare settings. Hence the numerous studies published measuring critical thinking as a terminal outcome of education. However, an important comparison between different philosophical underpinnings such as person, truth and the nature of nursing, and how one...

Most people sooner or later experience dilemmas or uncertainties involving questions of meaning, purpose, value, and fulfillment. Such questions emerge in the context of relationships, career, momentous change, personal responsibility, aspiration or disappointment, and decision-making under risk or potential conflict of interest. Normal problems of living are not regarded as “diseases”; rather,...