the phoneme is considered as the  smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other.  relation between phonology and semantics is  placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. and disagreement  between linguists continue until now. some of them believe that there are functional roles for phonemes in  innovative text. whereas others believe   that t...

In spoken languages, speakers divide up the space of phonetic possibilities into different regions, corresponding to different phonemes. We consider a simple exemplar model of how this division of phonetic space varies over time among a population of language users. In the particular model we consider, we show that, once the system is initialized with a given set of phonemes, that phonemes do n...

This study investigates whether the inaccurate processing of non-native phonemes leads to a not native-like representation of word forms containing these phonemes. Dutch and English listeners' processing of six English phonemes was studied in a phoneme monitoring experiment. Half of the target phonemes were difficult to identify for the Dutch listeners. Lexical mediation was found to play a sim...

This synchronic study describes the phoneme system of Kuntu isolect, one isolects used in Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The data is informant's speech using isolect related to prepared vocabulary. Data was collected by recording and interviewing selected informants, listening speaking method, analyzed equivalent method basic premise Pike (1966). Based on results analysis, IKKK has 42 sounds, n...

Theories of spoken production have not specifically addressed whether the phonemes of a word compete with each other for selection during phonological encoding (e.g., whether /t/ competes with /k/ in cat). Spoken production theories were evaluated and found to fall into three classes, theories positing (1) no competition, (2) competition among phonemes within the same syllable position, and (3)...

Three experiments examined lexical competition effects using the phonological priming paradigm in a shadowing task. Experiment 1 replicated Hamburger and Slowiaczek’ s [1] finding of an initial overlap inhibition when primes and targets share three phonemes (/b iz/-/b ik/) but not when they share two phonemes (/b z/-/b ik/). This observation suggests that lexical competition depends on the numb...

in a voice conversion system speech signal of a speaker (i.e. source speaker) is modified so that it sounds as if it had been pronounced by b speaker (i.e. target speaker). this process, sometimes, is called speaker conversion (changing speaker identity). achieved signal from speaker conversion system is desired to have high quality and very natural. to satisfy this, three major methods are pro...