Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates is central for understanding differences in disease transmission and manifestations. Only 3 subgroups (lineages) have been discerned with subtle within-lineage variation, permitting low-resolution classification of isolates. Because proteins, coding sequences, and especially antigen-coding genes have been used extensively in previous stud...

The aim of this study was to develop a new method intraspecific genetic differentiation Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, based on the detection INDEL-markers using PCR. Materials and methods. Analyzed were 308 strains from NCBI database 15 sequenced within frames study. nucleotide sequences determined MiSeq technology platform. genomes in work, as well database, assessed silico PCR with 7 pairs pri...

Strain typing of microbial pathogens has two major aims: (i). to index genetic microvariation for use in outbreak investigations and (ii). to index genetic macrovariation for use in phylogenetic and population-based analyses. Until now, there has been no clear indication that one genetic marker can efficiently be used for both purposes. Previously, we had shown that DNA sequence analysis of the...

We used a sample of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are carried by humans and that are representative of the natural population of S. aureus strains in order to assess the value of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and phage typing as epidemiological tools. Only MLST was able to define clonal complexes unambiguou...

In the enterobacterial species Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, expression of horizontally acquired genes with a higher than average AT content is repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS. A classical example of an H-NS-repressed locus is the bgl (aryl-beta,D-glucoside) operon of E. coli. This locus is "cryptic," as no laboratory growth conditions are known to relieve repressi...

In order to understand the population structure and dynamics of bacterial microorganisms, typing systems that accurately reflect the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of the agents are required. Over the past 15 years multilocus sequence typing schemes have replaced single locus approaches, giving novel insights into phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of many bacterial species...

24 25 Among patients with cirrhosis, infections caused by Escherichia coli organisms that 26 translocate from the gut are a frequent and severe complication. One hundred-ten E. coli 27 isolates from 110 cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and/or spontaneous 28 bacteremia were characterized for phylogenetic group and virulence genotype (34 29 extraintestinal virulence facto...

Among patients with cirrhosis, infections caused by Escherichia coli organisms that translocate from the gut are a frequent and severe complication. One hundred ten E. coli isolates from 110 cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and/or spontaneous bacteremia were characterized for their phylogenetic group and virulence genotype (34 extraintestinal virulence factor genes). Ge...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by exclusively community-acquired Escherichia coli isolates in Izmir (Turkey) and to search for isolates producing CTX-M-15 and belonging to the pandemic clone E. coli O25-ST131. METHODS The patients with E. coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) and no hospitalizatio...