Over the past few decades there has been a reluctance to prescribe benzodiazepines for insomnia and anxiety, as evidence for dependence and withdrawal has accumulated. Alternative treatments have therefore been sought. Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone, is chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines but acts via the benzodiazepine/ãaminobutyric acid receptor complex. It is licensed for the short term tre...

Nonhuman and human studies comparing the abuse liability of alprazolam to other commonly used benzodiazepines are reviewed. These studies are reviewed to determine to what extent prospective, controlled, experimental studies support opinions that alprazolam's abuse liability is greater than that of other commonly used benzodiazepines. Studies comparing the self-administration of alprazolam, the...

The study aimed to investigate whether certain physical self-concept predicted exercise dependence among young regular exercisers using a multidimensional prospective. One hundred fifty-two regular gym users, 78 were male and 74 female, completed: Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), Exercise Dependence Scale21 (EDS-21), and Eating Disorder Inventory–2 (EDI-2). Correlation and regres...

A new model for the vapor phase of a pressurized liquid called "the cluster model: which is originally introduced in this work, along with an accurate equation of state for the liquid phase called the LIR, is used to derive an accurate equation for the vapor pressure of liquid as a function of external pressure. The chemical Potential of both phase have been found to be in good agreement wi...