IN 1905, Carl Wiggers wrote “Perhaps no other organ of the body is less adapted to an experimental study of its circulation than the brain” (15). Despite this, however, and long before Wiggers time, studies concerning the cerebral vasculature were indeed performed. These, however, were mostly anatomic studies of the cerebral circulation. The significance of the blood supply to the brain appears...

The dura mater is a vascularized membrane surrounding the brain and is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Our knowledge of the dural vasculature has been limited to pathological conditions, such as headaches, but little is known about the dural blood flow regulation during behavior. To better understand the dynamics of dural vessels during behavior, we used two-photon laser scanning microsco...

The effect of transfusing a nonextravasating, zero-link polymer of cell-free hemoglobin on pial arteriolar diameter, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and O2 transport (CBF x arterial O2 content) was compared with that of transfusing an albumin solution at equivalent reductions in hematocrit (approximately 19%) in anesthetized cats. The influence of viscosity was assessed by coinfusion of a high-visco...

Background Pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is composed of one or more direct arterial feeding vessels with a single draining vein without nidus. A patient with the disease with high-flow AV shunting in the neonatal period not only suffers from high-output cardiac failure but also shows secondary neurological sequelae. In vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, superior vena cava (SVC) flow meas...

A novel noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was developed to determine in vivo blood oxygen saturation and its changes during motor cortex activation in small cerebral veins. Specifically, based on susceptibility measurements in the resting states, pial veins were found to have a mean oxygen saturation of Yrest=0.544+/-0.029 averaged over 14 vessels in 5 volunteers. During activ...

The cortical angioarchitecture is a key factor in controlling cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism. Difficulties in imaging the complex microanatomy of the cortex have so far restricted insight about blood flow distribution in the microcirculation. A new methodology combining advanced microscopy data with large scale hemodynamic simulations enabled us to quantify the effect of the angioarc...

The literature provides evidence for non-uniform regional changes in cerebral blood flow under a variety of circumstances. Possible causes of such changes were sought in the larger cerebral arteries of the rabbit prepared according to the glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical technique. The adrenergic innervation of the circle of Willis, the basilar artery and their main branches, although ...

The literature provides evidence for non-uniform regional changes in cerebral blood flow under a variety of circumstances. Possible causes of such changes were sought in the larger cerebral arteries of the rabbit prepared according to the glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical technique. The adrenergic innervation of the circle of Willis, the basilar artery and their main branches, although ...

A computer model was developed to describe regional cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation with autoregulation during focal ischemia produced by occlusion of th middle cerebral artery (MCA). This steady state model described the distribution of blood flow in the cerebral arterial system including the circle of Willis as well as the pial arterial anastomoses, and included a simplified form o...

20. Forbes HS, Finley KH, Nason Gl: Cerebral circulation. Arch Ncurol Psychiat 30: 957-979, 1933 21. Wahl M, Kuschinsky W, Bosse O, et al: Effect of 1-norepinephrine on the diameter of pial arterioles and arteries in the cat Circulation Research 31: 248-256, 1972 22. Forbes HS, Cobb S Vasomotor control of cerebral vessels Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 18: 201-217, 1938 23. Lluch S, Gomez B, Alborch E...