OBJECTIVES Previously relevant information can disrupt the ability of older adults to remember new information. Here, the researchers examined whether prior irrelevant information, or distraction, can also interfere with older adults' memory for new information. METHOD Younger and older adults first completed a 1-back task on pictures that were superimposed with distracting words. After a del...

iii   this study was an attempt to determine the effect of task-based approach vs. traditional approach on the narrative and expository writing of the iranian efl learners. there were two control groups as well as two experimental ones in the current study. in the two control groups namely g1 and g2 narrative and expository writing were taught respectively using the traditiona...

In list learning paradigms with free recall, written recall has been found to be less susceptible to intrusions of related concepts than spoken recall when the list items had been visually presented. This effect has been ascribed to the use of stored orthographic representations from the study phase during written recall (Kellogg, 2001). In other memory retrieval paradigms, by contrast, either ...

While previous results from univariate analysis showed that the activity level of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) but not the fusiform gyrus (FG) reflects selective maintenance of the cued picture category, present results from multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) showed that the spatial response patterns of both regions can be used to differentiate the selected picture category in working memor...

Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integrated and independent writing tasks. It also aimed to find out if writing performance varies with task types. A number of thirty Irani...

We extend the finding that word reading slows following successful responses to a color-word Stroop interference task (Masson, Bub, Woodward, & Chan, 2003). Word reading was assessed in a picture-word interference task in which subjects alternated between naming a picture (with either a word or a row of Xs superimposed on it) and reading a word. For the word-reading task, words were presented e...

The specificity of the bilingual advantage in memory was examined by testing groups of monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual 24-month-olds on tasks tapping cued recall, memory generalization and working memory. For the cued recall and memory generalization conditions, there was a 24-h delay between time of encoding and time of retrieval. In addition to the memory tasks, parent-toddler dyads co...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated writing abilities in patients with the amnestic type of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). To examine the earliest changes in writing function, we used writing tests for both words and sentences with different types of Japanese characters (Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji). METHODS A total of 25 aMCI patients, 38 AD patients, and 2...

Abstract Introduction Increased attention to sleep-related stimuli (i.e., “sleep-related attentional bias”) may contribute the persistence of insomnia symptoms. Despite high prevalence disorder in older adults, studies investigating this phenomenon population are lacking. Additionally, it is unclear whether bias occurs only for visual or more broadly, such as auditory stimuli. This study examin...