The fundamental limitation of massive MIMO technology is pilot contamination effect. This effect occurs during uplink training when terminals use the same orthogonal signals. In this paper, a pilot reuse factor with large scale fading precoding is proposed to mitigate the pilot contamination effect. The pilot reuse factor is designed to assign unique orthogonal signals to the adjacent cells. Th...

The existing small scale batch pans used for research in the South African sugar industry have limited capabilities for simulating industrial operations. In particular, these pans have been designed and used primarily for determining equilibrium conditions and have not been designed to achieve the rates of crystallization which are achieved in full scale pans. Operating an existing laboratory s...

This paper concerns on developing a synthesis method of paste-glue production for gummed tape using a corn-based starch as an alternative feedstock from laboratory-scale to pilot-scale and to near commercial scale. Basically, two methods of synthesis were developed to produce paste-glue in laboratory scale. Based on the two methods, we then scale-up the earlier laboratory scale data to pilot-sc...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this project were to (1) identify the heterotrophic bacteria that colonize chloraminated distribution systems using bench-scale, pilot-scale, and full-scale environments, (2) determine whether benchscale and pilot-scale chloraminated systems are adequate models of full-scale chloraminated distribution systems, in regards to heterotrophic bacteria, and (3) explore t...

This study discusses the retention of Ni(II) by Arthrobacter viscosus supported on zeolite 13 X in batch mode and in continuous mode, at laboratory scale and at pilot scale. The maximum adsorption capacities of 28.37, 20.21 and 11.13 mg/g were recorded for lab scale batch, for continuous lab scale minicolumns and for pilot scale bioreactors, respectively. The Sips isotherm and pseudo second ord...

The ability of terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) to be employed as an analytical tool for monitoring a film coating unit operation and to assess the success of a subsequent process scale-up was explored in this study. As part of a process scale-up development, a total of 190 sustained-release tablets were sampled at 10% increments of the amount of polymer applied, from a lab-scale and a pilot-scal...

The aim of this project is to develop methods for scaling up roller compaction process from lab scale to pilot scale, to determine the effect of processing parameters of roller compactors at both lab scale (instrumented roller compactor at University of Birmingham, micro-pactor at Pfizer) and pilot scale (mini-pactor from Gerteis) on the attributes of dry-granulated formulations, including the ...