Erosion, corrosion, and erosion-corrosion are common problems in offshore pipelines, tubing and pipe fittings. Corrosion has an important impact on the total cost of oil and gas production. Considering the diversity of corrosion related problems, CO2 corrosion (sweet corrosion) is probably the material degradation mechanism most extensively assessed in this industry over the last 30 years. In t...

CRA-lined pipelines, i.e. pipes with an inner pipe of a corrosion resistant alloy inside of a ferritic steel pipe carrying the hoop stress, pose a challenge to inspect with conventional in-line inspection technologies. Existing UT technology is not able to inspect through the interface of a CRA and a ferritic steel component. Additionally, current MFL technology is not able to sufficiently magn...

This work investigates an eddy current-based non-destructive testing (NDT) method to characterize corrosion of pipes under thermal insulation, one of the leading failure mechanisms for insulated pipe infrastructure. Artificial defects were machined into the pipe surface to simulate the effect of corrosion wall loss. We show that by using a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor array and a high c...

The aluminum concentration and Ryznar Index increased and the pH decreased in a small Appalachian water supply reservoir following acid precipitation runoff episodes. Concomitant increases in tapwater aluminum and decreases in tapwater pH were also observed at two homes in the water distribution system. Lead concentrations in the tapwater of one home frequently exceeded recommended levels, alth...

The outlet feeder pipe thinning in a PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) is caused by a high pressure steam flow inside the pipe, which is a well known degradation mechanism called a FAC (Flow Assisted Corrosion). In order to monitor the degradation, the thickness of the outlet bends close to the exit of the pressure tube should be measured and analyzed at every official overhaul. This paper...

The outlet feeder pipe thinning in a PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) is caused by high pressure steam flow inside the pipe, which is a well known degradation mechanism called FAC (Flow Assisted Corrosion). In order to monitor the degradation, the thickness of the outlet bends closed to the exit of the pressure tube should be measured and analyzed at every official overhaul. This paper de...

An experimental prototype, comprising a buried pipeline, was built with the purpose of calibrating a transmission line model and an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm for locating and assessing the severity of external corrosion damage of defects in the pipeline’s coating when the pipe was subjected to different levels of cathodic protection (CP) and to different environmental scenarios....

The chemical content of water pH, mineralization, alkalinity, hardness, calcium and magnesium compounds, carbon dioxide free provide guidance about buffering capacity of water. Therefore, if the mineralization and pH is low, the water is aggressive towards the materials used in manufacturing pipes concrete, steel, HDPE, PVC, PAX. If the mineralization is high, the pH is high, too and the water ...

The magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method is used for in-line inspection of oil and gas pipelines. Corrosion-induced MFL signals are sensitive to the level of stress and magnetic flux density existing in the pipe wall. Defects act as stress raisers, locally influencing the magnetization of the material, and subsequently the path of flux flow. Two adjacent corrosion pits can furthermore complicate ...