The so-called Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs), which have been defined as solutions to ontological design problems, are of great help to developers when modelling ontologies since these patterns provide a development guide and improve the quality of the resulting ontologies. However, it has been demonstrated that, in many cases, developers encounter difficulties when they have to reuse the corr...

BACKGROUND Care of the psychiatric patient in the Emergency Department (ED) is evolving. As with other disease states, there are a number of pitfalls that complicate the care of the psychiatric patient. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to update Emergency Physicians concerning the pitfalls in caring for the psychiatric patient, and possible solutions to deal with these pitfalls. DIS...

The goal of this paper is to help authors recognize and avoid a set of pitfalls that recur in many rejected information visualization papers, using a chronological model of the research process. Selecting a target paper type in the initial stage can avert an inappropriate choice of validation methods. Pitfalls involving the design of a visual encoding may occur during the middle stages of a pro...

Electrodiagnostic testing is used widely for the full characterization of neuromuscular disorders and for providing unique information on the processes underlying the pathology of peripheral nerves and muscles. However, such testing should be considered as an extension of anamnesis and physical examination, not as pathognomonic of a specific disease entity. There are many pitfalls that could le...

DIAGNOSIS: A. All that is papillary in the bladder is not papillary urothelial neoplasia: i. Diagnostic pitfalls: papillary hyperplasia, nephrogenic adenoma, fibroepithelial polyp and papillary/polypoid cystitis ii. Artifacts: pseudopapillary folds and avulsed urothelium B. All urothelial proliferations that expand the lamina propria are not invasive carcinoma: i. Diagnostic pitfalls: florid vo...

This review addresses pitfalls of clinical trials to evaluate new approaches for prevention or treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Determination of end points poses a difficult challenge in the design of clinical trials, and examples from previous studies are used to illustrate some of the pitfalls. Also discussed is the need for a new conceptual approach for evaluation of graft-versus-host...