Phototaxis is a phenomenon where cyanobacteria move toward light source. Previous studies have shown that the blue-light-using-flavin (BLUF)-type photoreceptor PixD and response regulator-like protein PixE control phototaxis in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The pixD-null mutant moves away from light, whereas WT, pixE mutant, pixD double light. This indicates functions downstream of...

A computer code, based upon the existing GUPIX code for PIXE analysis, has been developed to fit X-ray spectra that are excited simultaneously by both XRF and PIXE. Full matrix corrections for both excitation modes are included, and element concentrations are deduced. The code is intended for eventual use in processing spectra from the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometers aboard the Mars Explorat...

This research is focused on investigating the biochemical mechanisms involved in neurovascular inflammation, cerebral hypoxia and altered cerebral metabolism, with particular focus on their role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). The pathogenesis of these diseases remains poorly understood, hindering the development of improved therapies. Previous...

This article presents the results obtained by measuring characteristic x-ray production cross sections arising from interaction of accelerated protons with target atoms (PIXE). The PIXE data were measured at excitation K-, L-, and M-shells in mass range Mg to Bi 1 MeV protons. We use approach based on calculation through Rutherford backscattering section, which can be calculated formula high ac...

Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies [1] of the evolution Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) (the monkey analogue Human (HIV) have revealed that SIV is localised in different organs at stages infection. Promising routes to completely eradicate HIV virus particles involve therapies target infection cellular level. Our previous μ -Particle Induced X-ray ( μ- PIXE) very large varia...

Two selected examples of PIXE microanalysis in ecophysiology have been shown. Studies of heavy metal distribution in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Plantago lanceolata showed different mechanisms in filtering of Zn/Pb and Fe/Mn, both enabling plants to cope with metals present in the environment. Studies of the mechanism used by the beetle Chrysolina pardalina to eliminate excessive am...

Intracellular iron can be estimated semi-quantitatively by histochemical determination using the ferrocyanide reagent's score. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) allows accurate determination of various elements including iron in cells and biological fluids. Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The purpose of this study w...

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of lead (Pb) uptake by human intestinal cells and to compare the intestinal transport and relative lead-chelating ability of two diastereoisomeric forms (i.e., meso and racemic) of 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). The model used was the human adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell monolayer. The Caco-2 cells were cultured in flasks for examinati...

The determination of particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE) cross sections and the concentration of elements in a material require the knowledge of the target sample thickness. In this aim, measurements of the thickness by three different methods have been performed. These are absorption of X-rays by a 55 Fe source, transmission of alpha particles by a 241 Am source and Rutherford backscatterin...