We investigated the effects of soil nutrient and water availability on the growth and chemistry of the silky willow ( Salix sericea Marshall), and on the performance of the imported willow leaf beetle ( Plagiodera versicolora Laichartig). Our major aims were to determine whether there are nutrient–water interactions on plant traits and whether this leads to parallel interactions for herbivore p...

Commercial and non-commercial plants face a variety of environmental stressors that often cannot be controlled. In this study, transgenic hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana 'Guariento') harboring five effector genes (vgb, SacB, JERF36, BtCry3A and OC-I) were subjected to drought, salinity, waterlogging and insect stressors in greenhouse or laboratory conditions. Field trials were also conduc...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Selective feeding by herbivores, especially at the seedling or juvenile phase, has the potential to change plant traits and ultimately the susceptibility of surviving plants to other enemies. Moreover, since hybridization is important to speciation and can lead to introgression of traits between plant species, differential feeding (herbivore-induced mortality) can influence ...

The "bunga bangkai" is a compound interest with spadix and solitary inflorescences. Amorphophallus gigas one of several species which endemic to Sumatra. One the original habitats for A. found in North Padang Lawas bloom almost all year round. This study aimed observe phenology Regency, precisely Bargottopong Village was on rubber agroforestry land communities. Observations were made every 3 da...