The decomposition of ammonium heptamolybdate was investigated by in situ XAFS and in situ XRD to elucidate the influence of different atmospheres on the products formed the formation of different decomposition products and various intermediates is described in detail.

Jets or localized strong currents in planetary atmospheres, as well as in the Earth's oceans, are often associated with sharp potential-vorticity gradients owing to the inherent balance exhibited by these flows. Here, we explore and quantify jet sharpening in a simple idealized single-layer quasi-geostrophic model on a mid-latitude β-plane. The advantages of this idealization are that just two ...

We revealed the inherent instability of α''-Fe16N2 in hydrogenous atmospheres due to the denitrification toward α-Fe by forming NH3 at the particle surface. Coating the particle surface with SiO2 to suppress the formation of NH3 has proven to be a simple yet powerful method to enhance the stability of α''-Fe16N2 in hydrogenous atmospheres.

The scientific aims that motivate our work on this project are: (1) to understand quantitatively the multiple-scattering physics underlying spaceborne hyperspectral and lidar observations of atmospheric aerosols and surface reflectivity; (2) to develop rigorous, stable (i.e., genuinely useful) inverse methods to interpret such observations in terms of geophysical quantities, based on the mathem...

We use radiative transfer calculations to reproduce the basic appearance of Mg II lines observed from Mira variables. These lines have centroids that are blueshifted by at least 30 km s −1 from the stellar rest frame. It is unlikely that flow velocities in the stellar atmospheres are this fast, so radiative transfer effects must be responsible for this behavior. Published hydrodynamic models pr...

X-Ray absorption spectra of supported Pt catalysts with various Pt cluster sizes were collected between 77 and 673 K, in inert and hydrogen atmospheres. When analyzing these spectra with the standard EXAFS equation, a Pt-Pt bond contraction and a large increase in the inner potential correction were observed with increasing temperature. These errors are up to 0.08 A and 10 eV for clusters of 1 ...

A Hadamard-transform spectrometer has been used to obtain a spectrum of Jupiter from 880 cm(-1) to 770cm(-1) Three ammonia absorption features stand out at 870 cm(-1), 851 cm(-1), and 833 cm(-1). The general shape of the spectrum implies an atmosphere with a monotonically decreasing temperature profile up to the 125 K level. In addition, transmission profiles of the earth's atmosphere were take...

2 Acknowledgements 3 Table of

Hot Jupiters are new laboratories for the physics of giant planet atmospheres. Subject to unusual forcing conditions, the circulation regime on these planets may be unlike anything known in the Solar System. Characterizing the atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters is necessary for reliable interpretation of the multifaceted data currently being collected on these planets. We discuss several f...