CO2 is beyond comparison the most important of all plant nutrients. Without sufficient CO2, plants cannot photosynthesize and convert into energy-rich sugars, starch and all the other carbon-containing molecules that constitute a plant. It may seem odd to look at CO2 as a plant nutrient. When growing terrestrial plants, we are used to providing light, water and nutrients, but never CO2. is art...

1 Lecture 1 3 1.1 Bayesian Inference and Estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 The Bayes formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.2 Estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 A toy example in denoising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Three studies in the Coastal Plain of Georgia were remeasured 7 or 8 years after planting to determine the effects of planting depth on field performance of open-rooted seedlings [root-collar diameter (RCD) ≥ 5 mm]. Average planting depth (i.e. shoot height before planting minus shoot height above ground after planting) for machine planted P. elliottii was 14 cm while hand-planted P. taeda seed...

We propose a simple and deterministic algorithm for solving MAX2SAT, which runs O(n(n+m)) time where n and m are respectively the number of variables and clauses. For discussing its average case performance, we propose one natural “planted solution model”; a way to generate a MAX2SAT instance under a certain distribution defined by parameters p and r. We first show that if p = Ω(ln n/n) and p ≥...

Unassisted secondary succession in abandoned tropical pastures often results in species-poor forests of pioneer trees that persist for decades. We characterize recruitment rates of woody vegetation in planting treatments during the first 60 months of experimental restoration on thin, eroded soils at Los Tuxtlas, southern Mexico. We test the hypothesis that recruitment of later-successional tree...

Aim There is increasing concern regarding sustainable management and restoration of planted forests, particuIarly in the Mediterranean Basin where pine species have been widely used. The aim of this study was to analyse the environmental and structural characteristics of Mediterranean planted pine forests in relation to natural pine forests. Specifically, we assessed recruitment and woody speci...

We propose a simple probability model for MAX-2SAT instances for discussing the average-case complexity of the MAX-2SAT problem. Our model is a “planted solution model”, where each instance is generated randomly from a target solution. We show that for a large range of parameters, the planted solution (more precisely, one of the planted solution pair) is the optimal solution for the generated i...

Weak signals that mark transcription factor binding sites involved in gene regulation are considered to be challenging motifs. Identifying these motifs in unaligned DNA sequences is a computationally hard problem which requires efficient algorithms. Genetic Algorithms (GA), inspired from evolution in nature, are a class of stochastic search algorithms which have been applied successfully to man...