Philosophers have often attempted to use counterfactual conditionals to analyze probability. This article focuses on counterfactual analyzes of epistemic probability by Alvin Plantinga and Peter van Inwagen. I argue that a certain type of counterfactual situation creates problems for these analyses. I then argue that Plantinga’s intuition about the role of warrant in epistemic probability is mi...

Bernard G. Jaar,* Rasha Khatib, Laura Plantinga, L. Ebony Boulware, and Neil R. Powe, *Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Nephrology Center of Maryland, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Cli...

in terms of de dicto necessity, necessity conceived as a property of propositions or sentences. The heart of Plantinga's theory is his scheme for the reduction of de re modal sentences to equivalent de dicto ones. The idea is to provide an equivalent sentence containing no modal operators within the scope of a quantifier for every sentence asserting that some thing is necessarily or essentially...

belief in the existence of god has always been attacked by opponents. one of them is the so called evidentalism challenge. in this paper, the opinions of allama muhammad hussain tabataba, and alvin plantinga about the above mentioned challenge are discussed and compared. although both believe that belief in god does’nt need to be proved and arguments just support the faith but, belonging to a t...

Habitat loss is a primary cause of loss of biodiversity but conserving habitat for species presents challenges. Land parcels differ in their ability to produce returns for landowners and landowners may have private information about the value of the land to them. Land parcels also differ in the type and quality of habitat and the spatial pattern of land use across multiple landowners is importa...

832 Assessment of Simplified Blood Dose Protocols for the Estimation of the Maximum Tolerable Activity in Thyroid Cancer Patients Undergoing Radioiodine Therapy Using I Walter Jentzen, Andreas Bockisch, and Marcus Ruhlmann 839 Semiquantitative I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy to Distinguish Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma from Physiologic Adrenal Uptake and Its Correlation with Genotyp...