In this paper we describe the implementation of Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD) models. We show numerical results for a fully three dimensional structure using level set method techniques. The terms being simulated contain both an isotropic and a source deposition term, along with the effects of reflection and re-emission. Overview Void formation when depositing thin dielectric layers is a major co...

BACKGROUND Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is related inversely to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and may be cardioprotective, but an initial clinical trial with a CETP inhibitor was stopped prematurely because of increased CVD in treated patients, raisi...

BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a central role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. In LDL chromatographically resolved according to charge, the most electronegative subfraction-L5-is the only subfraction that induces atherogenic responses in cultured vascular cells. Furthermore, increasing evidence has shown that plasma L5 levels are elevated in individuals with high car...

Background—Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration is related inversely to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and may be cardioprotective, but an initial clinical trial with a CETP inhibitor was stopped prematurely because of increased CVD in treated patients, raisi...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) has evolved as a biomarker for CVD. We examined the relationship between plasma OPG levels and different CVD manifestations in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Type 2 diabetes patients without known CVD referred consecutively to a diabetes clinic fo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the association of 2 nonsynonymous intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) gene variants (Lys56Met and Gly241Arg) with baseline plasma soluble ICAM1 concentrations and with risk of total and selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a prospective cohort of 23 014 apparently healthy white American women followed for 10 yea...

Plasma-assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was carried out to synthesize high-quality graphene film at a low temperature of 600°C. Monolayer graphene films were thus synthesized on Cu foil using various ratios of hydrogen and methane in a gaseous mixture. The in situ plasma emission spectrum was measured to elucidate the mechanism of graphene growth in a plasma-assisted thermal CVD...