Observations of slab-a\'alanche releases in alpine terrain ha\'e led to the hypothesis that rocky outcrops can influence thc spatial distributions of temperature and heat flow in dry alpine snow covers and thus c011lrol the local distribution of de pth hoar. \ Vc investigate the effects of terrain on crystal growth by using a two-dimensional finite­ element model of heat flow coupled with a mod...

The compact, slim and high pixel mobile phone camera is highly demanded with the development of mobile phone, especially the thinner and thinner request of people. To satisfy this need, a mobile phone lens system composed of 1 glass spherical lens and 3 plastic aspheric lenses was designed with Code V. The F-number was 2.85 and FOV was 61°, the effective focal length and back focal length are 5...

We present a method to characterize achromatic Fresnel lenses for photovoltaic applications. The achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens is composed of two materials, a plastic and an elastomer, whose dispersion characteristics (refractive index variation with wavelength) are different. We first designed the lens geometry and then used ray-tracing simulation, based on the Monte Carlo met...

Light-weight translucent plastic goggles with convex or concave rigid contact lens inserts were applied unilaterally to the eyes of young chicks. Convex and concave cylindrical lenses produced astigmatic refractive errors. The magnitude of the induced astigmatism was less than that of the inducing lens and varied with axis orientation. Decreased aperture size or interruption of the defocus resu...

In multiscale imagers a single objective lens is shared by multiple secondary optical systems, so that a high-resolution wide-angle image is acquired in overlapping fields sensed by multiple conventional focal planes. In the “AWARE2” 2 Gigapixel imager, F/2.4 optics cover a 120 degree field of view using a monocentric glass primary lens shared by 221 molded plastic subimagers, each with a 14 Me...

PURPOSE Lens epithelial cells transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts during the formation of anterior subcapsular cataracts and secondary cataracts. One of the defining characteristics of myofibroblasts is the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). This study investigated some of the factors that influence alpha-SMA expression in lens epithelial cells. METHODS Bovine, rabbit, and ...

The design, analysis, assembly methods, and optical-bench test results for a miniature injection-molded plastic objective lens used in a fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope are presented. The five-lens plastic objective was tested as a stand-alone optical system before its integration into a confocal microscope for in vivo imaging of cells and tissue. Changing the spacing and rotation o...

In this paper, some molding process parameters such as injection time, packing time, packing pressure and process temperature etc. were optimized by the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation (Moldex 3D) for injection molding of a plastic lens. Some experimental trials were carried out for verifying of the CAE simulation results with checking of the lens shrinkage and birefringence etc. as...

The late Sir Harold Ridley, who died in 2001 shortly after receiving a knighthood in recognition of his pioneering work in the correction of cataract blindness, remains known almost exclusively for his invention of the intraocular lens and related innovative forays into various subspecialties of “high-tech” ophthalmology, which we now call biomedical engineering. Ridley implanted the first intr...