pleistocene basaltic lava flows, consisting of trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite, cover an area north-northwest of shahre-babak in southeastern iran. the whole rock chemistry indicates that the lavas are dominantly alkaline and mildly calc-alkaline. variation diagrams of sio2 with major and trace elements are consistent with fractional crystallization processes involving olivine, pyroxen...

The Sundaland core of SE Asia is a heterogeneous assemblage of Tethyan sutures and Gondwana fragments. Its complex basement structure was one major influence on Cenozoic tectonics; the rifting history of the north Australian margin was another. Fragments that rifted from Australia in the Jurassic collided with Sundaland in the Cretaceous and terminated subduction. From 90 to 45 Ma Sundaland was...

The sinking of lithosphere at subduction zones couples Earth’s exterior with its interior, spawns continental crust and powers a tectonic regime that is unique to our planet. In spite of its importance, it is unclear how subduction is initiated. Two general mechanisms are recognized: induced and spontaneous nucleation of subduction zones. Induced nucleation (INSZ) responds to continuing plate c...

Experimental studies were performed using high-fidelity broadband Glaser-NIST conical transducers to quantify stress waves produced by the elastic collision of a tiny ball and a massive plate. These sensors are sensitive to surface-normal displacements down to picometers in amplitude, in a frequency range of 20 kHz to over 1 MHz. Both the collision and the resulting transient elastic waves are ...

This paper proposes a control system for lifting a ping-pong ball without the use of a camera. The system measures the time of collision between a plate and a ball with a microphone. The control system must then be able to direct both the position and the velocity of a motor for each subsequent collision, even if the model contains uncertainty or modeling errors. To achieve this objective, an o...