A trenchant and passionate dispute over the use of parametric versus non-parametric methods for the analysis of Likert scale ordinal data has raged for the past eight decades. The answer is not a simple "yes" or "no" but is related to hypotheses, objectives, risks, and paradigms. In this paper, we took a pragmatic approach. We applied both types of methods to the analysis of actual Likert data ...

The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the usefulness of Positron emission tomography/Magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) images in a clinical setting by assessing the image quality of Positron emission tomography (PET) images using a three-segment MR attenuation correction (MRAC) versus the standard CT attenuation correction (CTAC). We prospectively studied 48 patients who ha...

BACKGROUND New and inexperienced emergency medical service (EMS) professionals lack important experience. To prevent medical errors and improve retention there is an urgent need to identify ways to support new professionals during their first year in the EMS. METHODS A purposeful sample and snowball technique was used and generated a panel of 32 registered nurses with 12-48 months of EMS expe...

BACKGROUND To clarify the relationship between the probability of prostate cancer scaled using a 5-point Likert system and the biological characteristics of corresponding tumor foci. METHODS The present study involved 44 patients undergoing 3.0-Tesla multiparametric MRI before laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Tracing based on pathological and MRI findings was performed. The relationship be...

INTRODUCTION Pain is a common emergency department (ED) complaint. It is important to understand the differences in pain perception among different ethnic and demographic populations. METHODS We applied a standardized painful stimulus to Caucasian and Latino adult patients to determine whether the level of pain reported differed depending on ethnicity (N=100; 50 Caucasian [C], 50 Latino [L] p...

In the twenty-first century, wide use of emojis in communication platforms has emerged. As a result, have started to be used scales. However, there are limited number studies literature that focuses on effect using instead Likert-type response categories Therefore, focus this study is examine differences may arise from emoji and For purpose, 3, 5, 7-point 7 Psychological Well-Being Scale was ap...