One policy making issue that needs to be addressed more effectively through an intergovernmental and participatory approach is entrepreneurship policy. Entrepreneurship is an area where interdependencies are very high, and the establishment of collaborative relationships such as networks is vital. Therefore, a network approach in the entrepreneurial policy-making process, which leads to the inv...

Making Iranian Schools Smart: From Policy to Practice E. Talaa’ee, Ph.D. N. Ansaari M. Pahlavaan Z. Abootaalebi To assess both the essence and ways of operationalization of a recently adopted policy by the MOE with the aim of making Iranian schools smart, four such schools were purposefully selected, observed, and questioned. The collected data have been analyzed using th...

the purpose of this research is studying the effect of policy research in policy making area. for this, has been used from a model that is presented by dukeshire and thurlow. this model is consist from four dimension; recognizing problems and identifying issues, understanding key issues, supporting a selected plan of action and monitoring process evaluating impact. in a survey among policy rese...

When present and past policy is used to learn about policymaking and predict future policy, central banks can exploit this to influence expectations and thereby improve policy without making any commitments. In a sticky-information model of the inflation-output trade-off, we show how the optimal discretionary policy exploiting learning converges towards the optimal commitment rule when the disc...

Reinforcement learning is a kind of machine learning. Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a representative class of non-Markovian environments in reinforcemnet learning. We know the Rational Policy Making algorithm (RPM) to learn a deterministic rational policy in POMDPs. Though RPM can learn a policy very quickly, it needs numerous trials to improve the policy. Furthermore ...

Policy gradient algorithms have shown considerable recent success in solving high-dimensional sequential decision making tasks, particularly in robotics. However, these methods often require extensive experience in a domain to achieve high performance. To make agents more sampleefficient, we developed a multi-task policy gradient method to learn decision making tasks consecutively, transferring...

conclusions psychiatric, neurological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases are the most frequent reasons of referring patients to iran. more accuracy in screening and care of patients are recommended before hajj in order to prevent references to iran and its complications. results a total of 106 cases were referred iran during hajj 2012. psychiatric problems, with 26.4% allocated the hig...

policy making in health is largely thought to be driven by three ‘i's namely ideas, interests and institutions. recent years have seen a shift in approach with increasing reliance being placed on role of evidence for policy making. the present arti­cle ascertains the role of ideas and ideologies in shaping evidence which is used to aid in policy decisions. the article dis­cusses different theor...