s tructural change is defined as a change in the relative weight of the important constituents of the macro-economic indicator such as production, taxes, imports and exports, workforce etc. since the structure change is one of the main reasons for the growth and economic development of countries, the investigation of the trend of changes in economic important constituents is important. tax as a...

abstract this paper sketches a model of product differentiation according to the hedonic hypothesis that is based on the theory of consumer behavior of lancaster (1971). lancaster suggested that utility is derived from the characteristics of the good and not the good itself. thus, from the perception of the consumer, every characteristic has a price. this is the hedonic (or implicit) price. we ...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

Can compulsory voting induce lasting changes in citizens’ voting habits? We study the long-term and spillover effects of a severely sanctioned and long-standing compulsory voting law in the Swiss canton of Vaud (1900–1970). Our findings suggest that compulsory voting strongly increases turnout in federal referendums by about 30 percentage points. However, this effect returns to zero quickly aft...

We analyze how public debt evolves when successive policymakers have different policy goals and cannot make credible commitments about their future policies. We consider several cases to be able to quantify the effects of imperfect commitment, political disagreement and political turnover. Imperfect commitment drives the long-run level of debt to zero. With political disagreement debt is a size...

Defensive Investments and the Demand for Air Quality: Evidence from the NOx Budget Program and Ozone Reductions Demand for air quality depends on health impacts and defensive investments that improve health, but little research assesses the empirical importance of defenses. We study an important cap-and-trade market, which dramatically reduced NOx emissions, a key ingredient in ozone formation....

Environmental and societal issues are emphasising the social role of enterprises, including all size classes, even the smallest ones, so-called micro enterprises. This paper reflects on Slovenian SMEs. These enterprises are confronting ever increasing and changing expectations, demands and claims for accountability not concerning only economic, but also environmental and social performance. Env...

Many economists suggest that a cap-and-trade program and a carbon tax represent promisingmechanisms for addressing climate change. A potentially attractive feature of both policies is that they have the potential to recycle revenues in an efficient manner. In the case of cap andtrade, this would involve using auction revenues; in the case of a tax, it would involve using taxrevenues...

Any economic analysis of climate change policy requires some model that describes the impact of warming on future GDP and consumption. Most integrated assessment models (IAMs) relate temperature to the level of real GDP and consumption, but there are theoretical and empirical reasons to expect temperature to affect the growth rate rather than level of GDP. Does this distinction matter in terms ...

This paper shows that government anti-smoking campaign can benefit the government in the political bargaining with the tobacco industry by reducing the latter's alternative welfare. Although the equilibrium regulation on the tobacco industry increases as a result of government anti-smoking campaign, the political contribution from the tobacco industry will not necessarily go down. Anti-smoking ...