This paper studies the postwar economic and political reconstruction in Lebanon. The paper shows that the ‘reconstruction boom’ was short-lived. The economy experienced a growth trap early in the reconstruction period, and entered a cyclical crisis in 1998 which resulted from an ill-designed fiscal-monetary policy mix. The expansionary fiscal policy resulting from the high resource demands – du...

The paper contributes to the literature on the post-communist political economy of protest, and specifically to the question how governments handle public discontent with the outcomes of transition. The paper argues that the current economic crisis disrupts a key element of the post-Soviet political economy, workplace welfare. In the pre-crisis past, workplace welfare was found to contain worke...

Turkish economy experienced collapse of the banking sector. as that collapse, the reasons behind it have never been explored. Hence, this paper attempts to analyze the deeper aspects of the developments that failure of the financial sector. In this respect, the main claim of the study is that the 2001 Crisis has its tap policies led particularly to corruption in private banks as well as public ...

Since the early 1990's, Zimbabwe has been enmeshed in a major economic crisis that has seriously eroded the status of women in that country. For the past three years, the economic crisis has been joined by a political crisis which marks the first major challenge to the Mugabe regime since independence. In addition to the very harsh toll that the economic and political problems have had on poor ...

according to studies by 2050 more than 15 percent of world people, most of them are in the middle east and africa will experience severe water crisis. future water crisis is one of the most potential for international conflict and security challenges that have the potential to become a major international crisis. iran as a country with abundant water stress and is located in the critical region...

In this paper we explore the relations between the Web, governance individual and collective action. We set three questions which arise in relation to the interaction between the Internet and socio-political dynamics. 1. How do we delineate democracy in these new conditions? 2. Does the Internet create a new crisis of political balance or does it intensify an imbalance of a whole political cycl...

In recent years, the European Union (EU) has progressively assumed more and more of a primary role in crisis response coordination. The EU Integrated Political Crisis Response arrangements (IPCR) were recently approved to facilitate this task. These new agreements, which substitute for the Crisis Coordination Agreements, will add more flexibility to crisis response mechanisms in the EU. They wi...

and socio-political aspects. Secondly, few explanations of the crisis take account of evidence from the local and regional levels. Thirdly and most seriously, theories of the crisis have ignored Germany, while historians of Germany have ignored the crisis debate. This article seeks tojill these gaps. It puts Germany at the centre of a comprehensive theory of the crisis that takes existing crisi...