Political scientists are not generally accustomed to treating Max Weber’s unusual account of democracy—plebiscitary leader democracy—as a genuine democratic theory. The typical objection is that Weber’s account of democracy in terms of the generation of charismatic leadership is not really a democratic theory at all, because it contains no positive account of popular power: specifically, that i...

Nowadays it is commonplace to argue that candidates’ personal characteristics play a large part in determining how individuals vote. In the domain of political marketing this assumption is often given for granted, and no clear conceptual understanding of how image crafting techniques affect voters has emerged. This article is an attempt to link political marketing’s concern for impression manag...

the scope of power of governments is one of the main issues in political philosophy and constitutional law. this issue has become significant in islamic republic of iran as an absolute spiritual leadership has been contemplated in the iranian constitution. as the rule of law indicates that all governmental acts must be based on law, it may be assumed that dissolution of khobregan house (expert ...

Contingent events are probabilistic. Acknowledging that realized contingencies alter observed political outcomes, however, does little to advance the systematic study of politics. This paper suggests that political science should focus on understanding how foreseeable contingencies, rather than truly “exogenous” unforeseeable events, alter political behavior. The most useful tool for understand...

Abstract There is increasing interest in the role of narratives policy-making, as evidenced by consolidation Narrative Policy Framework, a theory policy process whose overall aim to explain how influence outcomes. However, with focus on only narratives, there risk underestimating relationship between dynamics specific subsystem and pursuit consent political arena. To attract more scholarly atte...

Humans are a coalitional, parochial species. Yet, extreme actions of solidarity are sometimes taken for distant or unrelated groups. What motivates people to become solidary with groups to which they do not belong originally? Here, we demonstrate that such distant solidarity can occur when the perceived treatment of an out-group clashes with one's political beliefs (e.g., for Leftists, oppressi...

POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE RULES OF CONSTITUTION REPUBLIC POLAND FROM 1997 The main aim of this article is the analysis how “political leadership” – a theoretical category from political science could be used in legal rules Polish Constitution 1997. There are three research paths analysing inspired by studies concerning leadership. first one attempts to answer question: which public office po...

The conventional wisdom derived from the two-step flow theory suggests that opinion leaders have great influence on their followers. However, it has been difficult for social scientists to measure and describe the extent to which political opinion leaders influence voters, especially when voters today access multiple information sources like communication networks and self-selected news media. ...

Many developing countries have recently increased the number of their sub-national administrative units. Existing literature explains this phenomenon by suggesting that because new units serve as patronage to an area, they can help a leader meet local demand for state resources or divide opposition elites. These explanations, however, overlook the costs of new administrative units to a leader f...