Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) expressed in hypothalamus which is part of the brain that are involved regulation appetite, metabolism and bodyweight. This study aimed to identify MC4R gene diversity second cross generation Belgian Blue, Wagyu, Brahman crossbred its relationship with body weight size birth. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing were used Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (...

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the status of RANKL6-7 gene polymorphism in patients with chronic (mild, moderate, severe) and aggressive periodontitis as well as healthy controls. We examined80 patients for the RANKL6-7 polymorphisms (rs1054016 and rs9567000). Polymorphism was determinedby polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. No statistica...

An inversion polymorphism of the filamin and emerin genes at the tip of the long arm of the human X-chromosome serves as the basis of an investigative laboratory in which students learn something new about their own genomes. Long, nearly identical inverted repeats flanking the filamin and emerin genes illustrate how repetitive elements can lead to alterations in genome structure (inversions) th...

With the better understanding of human genome and genetic contributions to complex diseases, more clinical tests have been developed for prevention, diagnosis, treatment diseases. This has raised new challenges classroom teaching medical genetics (MG) in education undergraduates, who are relatively naive about theory technology MG. A clear genotype-phenotype relationships is critical MG learnin...

Genetic specificity occurs in many host-parasite systems. Each host can recognize and resist only a subset of parasites; each parasite can grow only on particular hosts. Biochemical recognition systems determine which matching host and parasite genotypes result in resistance or disease. Recognition systems are often associated with widespread genetic polymorphism in the host and parasite popula...

Frequencies of mutant sites are modeled as a Poisson random field in two species that share a sufficiently recent common ancestor. The selective effect of the new alleles can be favorable, neutral, or detrimental. The model is applied to the sample configurations of nucleotides in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) in Drosophila simulans and Drosophila yakuba. Assuming a synonymous mutation r...