There is strong evidence to show that diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress. However, the source of this oxidative stress remains unclear. Using transgenic mice that overexpress aldose reductase (AR) in their lenses, we found that the flux of glucose through the polyol pathway is the major cause of hyperglycemic oxidative stress in this tissue. The substantial decrease in the l...

Active eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with the highly conserved heptapeptide repeat of the largest subunit. This mAb (designated SWG16) was conjugated to CNBr-activated Sepharose and used to purify RNAP II from wheat germ and calf thymus. The subunit composition of the immunoaffinity-purified en...

Monodisperse sub-10 nm Rh nanocubes were synthesized with high selectivity (>85%) by a seedless polyol method. The {100} faces of the Rh NCs were effectively stabilized by chemically adsorbed Br- ions from trimethyl(tetradecyl)ammonium bromide (TTAB). This simple one-step polyol route can be readily applied to the preparation of Pt and Pd nanocubes. Moreover, the organic molecules of PVP and TT...

An efficient and divergent synthesis of polyol subunits utilizing a phosphate tether-mediated, one-pot, sequential RCM/CM/reduction process is reported. A modular, 3-component coupling strategy has been developed, in which, simple "order of addition" of a pair of olefinic-alcohol components to a pseudo-C 2-symmetric phosphoryl chloride, coupled with the RCM/CM/reduction protocol, yields five po...

A non-chemical technique for surface sterilizing plant-parasitic nematodes for aseptic cultures is described. The method is most applicable to nematodes with active migratory infective stages and requires only a few starting specimens. Rate of achieving a primary aseptic culture with the technique ranged from 60%-100% depending on the conditions of the specimens collected for culturing. Aseptic...

A method to measure the polyol pathway metabolic flux in the intact rabbit lens by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is described. In the lens exposed to 35.5 mM glucose, the polyol pathway accounts for 1/3 of the total glucose turnover. The high metabolic activity of the pathway suggests a significant alteration in the reduced to oxidized pyridine nucleotide ratio in the lens exposed...

A combinative pretreatment technology of steam explosion (SE) and alkali was applied to enhance hydrogenolysis conversion of corn stalk into polyol with Ni-W2C or Fe-Mn-K catalyst. The results showed that treatments corn stalk with 0.4 MPa SE and alkali removed 84.16 wt% of hemicellulose and 71.83 wt% of lignin and thereby increased the cellulose content from 31.54 to 80.41 wt%. But the glucose...

Novel reactive polyols were synthesized via modification of castor oil, a renewable agricultural raw material with epoxy resin and triethylamine as a catalyst. This polyol was used for synthesis of polyurethane coating. Coating formulations were developed by reacting polyol with aromatic adduct, aliphatic adduct and castor oil based adduct in different NCO/OH ratio. All coating composition syst...