of age, and the attack rate decreased as patients’ ages increased (6). Reactive vaccination campaigns in some communes of Madarounfa district that had reached the epidemic threshold were launched by the Ministry of Public Health with a remaining 2009 stockpile (16,527 doses, 35.7% coverage) of the quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine (A/C/Y/W135) from Médecins sans Frontières. The International ...

Staphylococcus aureus produces an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule to evade neutrophil-mediated killing. Many vaccines against encapsulated bacterial pathogens require generation of functional anti-capsular antibodies to mediate protection against infection and disease. Here it is shown that the generation of such antibody responses to S. aureus in vivo and in vitro requires the presence o...

A clinical trial was conducted to compare intramuscular (im) with subcutaneous (sc) routes for administration of quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 141 adults. Safety assessment showed the im route had reduced erythema (P<.01) and reduced headache on days 1 and 2 (P<.05). Serological testing for serum bactericidal antibody titers against capsular groups A and C did not detect ...

Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an antimicrobial peptide with high activity and broad spectrum activity. hBD-2 expression may be highly elevated by microorganisms and inflammation. We reported that the majority of common vaccines used, including 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and split influenza virus vaccine, could induce the expression of hB...

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus [Pnc]) is a common bacterial agent found in mild mucosal as well as severe systemic infections. Local infections, such as acute otitis media, are rather common; every child has at least one during the first 2 years of life (1), and Pnc is the causative agent in approximately half of the bacterial culturepositive cases (2). Pneumonia is another disease ofte...

Adults (n = 282) were randomized to receive either a pneumococcal glycoprotein conjugate vaccine, composed of pneumococcal serotypes 6B, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F linked to CRM197, or a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected persons, conjugate vaccine elicited significantly higher IgG antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) than did polysacc...

Most cases of neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by group B streptococci (GBS) are attributable to one of four major capsular serotypes: Ia, Ib, II, or III. Because resistance to infection with GBS has been correlated with the presence of serum antibodies to the type-specific capsular polysaccharides in both experimental animals and human neonates, efforts have been made to elicit protective...

Previous studies in children have shown that Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugate vaccines can reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of H. influenzae and provide herd immunity and suggest that this effect is mediated through mucosal antibodies. As this phenomenon may operate in other invasive bacterial infections which are propagated by nasopharyngeal carriage, mucosal antibody...

Meningococcal tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines were observed to be immunogenic in Saudi children 5 to 9 years of age, with >90% having serum bactericidal antibody titers of > or = 8 for serogroups A, Y, and W135; for serogroup C, 77% were putatively protected after vaccination.

Objective(s): In the current work, poly D, L lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) particles were applied for a viral vaccine for the delivery of antigens in cytosolic pathway by increasing the antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes. HPV-E7 protein with PLGA particles has been reported as a potent adjuvant for HPV vaccine by encapsulating protein into the PLGA particles. Polysaccharide from Pleurotus sajo...