ABSTRACT In the mid-1990s, Victor Valla proposed to incorporate population participation in practice of health surveillance, through Paulo Freire’s popular education. This counterpoint traditional surveillance practices, called civil added expanded concept health, and has a strong connection with critical perspective Epidemiology as means understand dialectical relationship between social class...

BACKGROUND Estimates of the impact of HIV in countries with generalised epidemics are generally based on antenatal clinic surveillance data collected over time. In an attempt to obtain geographically more representative estimates of HIV prevalence, many countries are now also conducting national population-based surveys in which HIV testing is included. We compare adult HIV prevalence estimates...

JAM First, just to clarify the terminology, screening is a one-time application of a test in a population of individuals who are at risk for a specific disease, while surveillance is a repeated testing performed in order to diagnose a disease earlier. For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the appropriate term is surveillance because repeated testing is necessary to monitor at-risk patients. Crite...

abstract objective: in health economics, one of the important methods of economic evaluation is cost-effectiveness analysis. the usual procedure in this method is to consider effectiveness of disability-adjusted life years (dalys) as a measure criterion. material and methods: this was a cross sectional study of economic assessment type or cost-effectiveness. all over 30 years old population of ...

despite  impressive  advancements  in  diagnostic  and  treatment technologies,  infectious  diseases  still  cause  a  significant  amount  of mortality and morbidity throughout the world due to the unpredictable and inevitable  rise  of  new  or  previously  dormant  pathogens.  emerging infectious disease (eid) outbreaks are mainly associated with changes in physical environment and human be...