Multimedia conferencing has been an important topic in recent years, because of the urgent requirement of high quality multi-party communications. There are various conferencing frameworks using different methods: H.323-based conferencing has already applied in use; SIP-based conferencing is emerging in market gradually. While centralized conferencing is becoming mature, distributed conferencin...

An efficient conferencing service facilitates the implementation and the run-time control of conference applications. Key features of a conferencing service are conference management, multicast communication support, application state synchronization and user data marshalling. The paper defines a conferencing service to fulfil the requirements of conferencing applications. An object model of th...

This document defines the framework for Centralized Conferencing. The framework allows participants using various call signaling protocols, such as SIP, H.323, Jabber, Q.931 or ISDN User Part (ISUP), to exchange media in a centralized unicast conference. The Centralized Conferencing Framework defines logical entities and naming conventions. The framework also outlines a set of conferencing prot...

In this research, overreaction and underreaction have been studied by assessing profitability and excess returns of investment strategies and evaluating price adjustment speed in short and long terms. The results showed that the momentum investment strategies had higher annual returns in comparison to contrarian strategies in all short and long periods which led to confirmation of underreaction...

Youth justice conferencing in Queensland, Australia relies on the discretionary referral of young offenders by the police. The low rate of police referrals to conferencing is an ongoing concern for conference organizers. The research presented in this article explored Queensland police officers’ training, experience, understandings of youth justice conferencing, and their individual discretiona...

This study examined the effectiveness of video and audio conferencing in hybrid classes. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, the technical difficulty, instructional quality, attention and distraction of location were compared. The results revealed that both conferencing types made positive impacts on instruction. However, there were significant differences between those conferencing i...

Many current systems have computers supporting human-to-human interaction in realtime using multiple media. Such interaction can become complex, and multimedia teleconferencing control systems--or conferencing systems, for short--have been created to control the complexity and promote the development of applications. These systems provide media transport, transport resource management, and sess...

Multiparty conferencing is an important telephony service, provided in the PSTN by conference bridges. Internet telephony can enhance this basic service by video conferencing and collaborative work. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) can support many different conferencing architectures, including the centralized conferencing server model. We describe design issues and challenges in implemen...