Human Andrology 2011, 1:2–16 Objective To highlight the concept of unexplained male infertility and discuss the potential causes and its proper management. Design Review of literature. Results Male infertility of unknown origin is a condition in which fertility impairment occurs spontaneously or due to an obscure or unknown cause. It includes two categories, unexplained male infertility and idi...

Age-related deterioration in immune function has been recognized in many species. In humans the clinical manifestation of such immune dysfunction is age-related increases in the susceptibility to certain infections and in the incidence of some autoimmune disease and certain cancers. Laboratory investigations reveal age-related changes in the peripheral T cell pool, in the predominant phenotype,...

Potential causes of 15th century Arctic warming using coupled model simulations with data assimilation E. Crespin, H. Goosse, T. Fichefet, and M. E. Mann Université catholique de Louvain, Institut d’Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaı̂tre, Chemin du Cyclotron, 2, 1348 Louvain la Neuve, Belgium Department of Meteorology, Department of Geosciences, and Earth and Environmental Systems Instit...