Background The incidence of multiple pregnancies has increasing worldwide and it is related to concern in the health care system. This study was aimed to determine the frequencyof multiple pregnancies, and to identify factors affecting the frequency of the phenomena in Tehran, Iran. MaterialsAndMethods In this cross sectional study, 5170 mothers in labor between July 6 to 21 2015 referred to 10...

When social resources are limited, improving the lot of the underprivileged comes at the expense of others. Thus, policies such as Affirmative Action (AA) – designed to increase the representation of minority people in higher education or employment – implicitly entail tradeoffs between groups. We propose that, while aversion to personor group-tradeoffs of this sort is widespread, the identifia...

This paper develops a model of marital dissolution based on communication difficulties. The quality of a marriage depends on the proximity of an action to a target. The target is unknown, and must be learned over time. Each individual receives private signals about the target, and can communicate them only imperfectly to his or her spouse. Because of imperfect communication, spouses may hold di...

Reliable and efficient perception and reasoning in dynamic and densely cluttered environments are still major challenges for driver assistance systems. Most of today’s systems use target tracking algorithms based on object models. They work quite well in simple environments such as freeways, where few potential obstacles have to be considered. However, these approaches usually fail in more comp...

Firms are working in increasingly dynamic and un-predictable markets due to economic instability, globalisation, and disruptive technologies. The uncertainty and lack of information that accompanies strategy making in these turbulent conditions places the strategic capacity of the top management team (TMT) under stress. However, there is little accessible research that can help top teams to eva...

We analyze how the agent’s initial wealth affects the principal’s expected profits in the standard principal-agent model with moral hazard. We show that if the principal prefers a poorer agent for all specifications of action sets, probability distributions, and disutility of effort, then the agent’s utility of income must exhibit a coefficient of absolute prudence less than three times the coe...

People living with long-term functional limitations are very familiar with the influence of the environment, physical and economic structure, as well as cultural and social attitudes, on their lives. These factors can either restrict or support the individual’s full participation in society or have a neutral impact. Our understanding of disability is difficult because of the influence of these ...

Preferences, Gender Segregation and Affirmative Action In the UK concern has been expressed over the degree of gender occupational segregation. Though there are no general provisions for affirmative action, it does apply in limited areas and pro-active measures have been suggested. In this paper we focus on gender differences in work preferences in relation to job satisfaction, risk aversion an...

This paper examines how organizations perceive affordances of social media and how they react to their employees’ use of social media through policies, a key means of organizational governance. Existing literature identified 4 affordances visibility, persistence, editability, and association (between people and between people and information) as action potentials of social media in organization...