Abyssal Abyssal flows, flows, as as part part of of the the global global thermohaline thermohaline circulation, circulation, make make a a sig­ sig­ nificant nificant contribution contribution to to the the flux flux of of heat heat over over the the earth, earth, and and therefore therefore affect affect the the planet's planet's climate. climate. In In the the Atlantic, Atlantic, the the dee...

The transport of the potential vorticity gradient ∇q along surfaces of constant potential temperature θ is investigated for the stratified Euler, Navier–Stokes and hydrostatic primitive equations of the oceans and atmosphere, in terms of the divergence-less flux vector B = ∇Q(q)×∇θ , for any smooth function Q of the potential vorticity q. The flux vector B is shown to satisfy a transport equati...

Rivers empty into oceans and lakes as turbulent sediment-laden jets, which can be characterized by a Gaussian horizontal velocity profile that spreads and decays downstream because of shearing and lateral mixing at the jet margins. Recent experiments demonstrate that this velocity field controls river-mouth sedimentation patterns. In nature, diffuse jets are associated with mouth bar deposition...

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS) has been observed in sufficient detail that we can use it to determine properties of the jovian atmosphere that cannot otherwise be found. These properties include: the potential vorticity of the GRS and its neighboring zonal jet streams, the shear imposed on the GRS by the jet streams, and the vertical entropy gradient (i.e., Rossby deformation radius). We show t...