The systemic insecticide imidacloprid may be applied to deciduous trees for control of the Asian longhorned beetle, an invasive wood-boring insect. Senescent leaves falling from systemically treated trees contain imidacloprid concentrations that could pose a risk to natural decomposer organisms. We examined the effects of foliar imidacloprid concentrations on decomposer organisms by adding leav...

The role of species and functional group diversity of primary producers for decomposers and decomposition processes is little understood. We made use of the "Jena Biodiversity Experiment" and tested the hypothesis that increasing plant species (1, 4, and 16 species) and functional group diversity (1, 2, 3, and 4 groups) beneficially affects decomposer density and activity and therefore the deco...

Annelid coenoses in wet soils reveal specific characteristics in relation to the prevailing complex of abiotic and biotic factors effective in these soils. Especially, the presence or lack of oxygen in the topsoil is of great influence for species composition and vertical distribution of annelids in wet soils. Some annelids, for example most of the smaller enchytraeids, avoid the anaerobic cond...

Swedish morphology differs significantly from English in several ways. This is something which makes natural language processing based on the English language not always applicable for Swedish material. One area where there is a difference is compounding. The word-forming process of compounding is very productive in Swedish. The compounds are mostly written as one word, without the segmentation...

There is compelling evidence that losses in plant diversity can alter ecosystem functioning, particularly by reducing primary production. However, impacts of biodiversity loss on decomposition, the complementary process in the carbon cycle, are highly uncertain. By manipulating fungal decomposer diversity in stream microcosm experiments we found that rates of litter decomposition and associated...

evaluation of genetic diversity is a considerable approach to screen within indigenous rhizobial population for compatible, highly effective strains, which can be further utilized as rhizobial inoculums. genetic diversity of rhizobium isolates from three clover species grown in soil samples of seven different geographical regions in iran was investigated by repetitive extra genomic palindromic ...

Correlating plant litter decay rates with initial tissue traits (e.g. C, N contents) is common practice, but in woody litter, predictive relationships are often weak. Variability in predicting wood decomposition is partially due to territorial competition among fungal decomposers that, in turn, have a range of nutritional strategies (rot types) and consequences on residues. Given this biotic in...

This paper presents a linear-to-dual-circular polarization metasurface decomposer, which decomposes linearly polarized (LP) planar incident wave into pair of circular (CP) waves, namely, right-handed (RHCP) and left-handed (LHCP) wave, scatters them different directions. The proposed decomposer is composed series rotated trimming stub loaded patches. two CP components are excited due to the per...