This paper investigates the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in Sri Lanka using exchange rates for six currencies during the recent float. Both univariate (Enders and Granger and Ng and Perron unit root tests) and multivariate techniques (asymmetric cointegration and errorcorrection models) are used in the empirical analysis. Enders and Granger unit root tests strongly support the PPP h...

Enzyme-assisted extraction optimization, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from sea cucumber Phyllophorus proteus (PPP) were investigated in the present study. The optimal extraction conditions with a yield of 6.44 ± 0.06% for PPP were determined as follows: Extraction time of 2.89 h, ratio of extraction solvent to raw material of 16.26 mL/g, extraction pH of...

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are starting to see increased deployment, enabling accurate measurement of power grid electrical properties to determine system health. Due to the costs associated with PMU acquisition and maintenance, it is practically important to place the minimum number of PMUs in order to achieve system complete observability. In this paper, we consider a variety of optimiza...

Tropospheric delays are one of the main sources of errors in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). They are usually corrected by using tropospheric delay models, which makes the accuracy of the models rather critical for accurate positioning. To provide references for suitable models to be chosen for GNSS users in China, we conduct herein a comprehensive study of the performances of th...

When satellites enter into the noon maneuver or the shadow crossing regimes, the actual attitudes will depart from their nominal values. If improper attitude models are used, the induced-errors due to the wind-up effect and satellite antenna PCO (Phase Center Offset) will deteriorate the positioning accuracy. Because different generations of satellites adopt different attitude control models, t...

The choice of investment strategy has a great impact on the performance of transport infrastructure. Positive projects such as the "Subway plus Property" model in Hong Kong have created sustainable financial profits for the public transport projects. Owing to a series of public debt and other constraints, public-private partnership (PPP) was introduced as an innovative investment model to addre...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C10 C12 C22 C50 Keywords: (Nonlinear) unit root test Heteroskedasticity Wild bootstrapping Purchasing power parity In spite of the extensive research which has already been undertaken, the issue as to whether Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) empirically holds, continues to be strongly debated. Existing studies have been criticized for their reliance on uni...

The most studied continuum percolation model in two dimensions is the Boolean consisting of disks with same radius whose centers are randomly distributed on Poisson point process (PPP). We also consider Ginibre (GPP), which a typical repelling realizing hyperuniformity. think that PPP approximates disordered configuration individuals, while GPP does citizens adopting strategy to keep social dis...

Background and Objectives: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a well-established model to alleviate the risk of investment in health domain. While the model is widely applied in the developed countries, the adoption of the model in many developing countries is hampered partly by the lack of knowledge on dimensions and requirements of its local implementation. The present study...