In order to create a three-dimensional virtual auditory display, both source direction and source distance must be simulated accurately. Echoes and reverberation provide the most robust cue for source distance and also improve the subjective realism of the display. However, including reverberation in a virtual auditory display can have other important consequences: reducing directional localiza...

Na,K-ATPase is essential for the regulation of cytoplasmic Na and K levels in lens cells. Studies on the intact lens suggest activation of tyrosine kinases may inhibit Na,KATPase function. Here, we tested the influence of Lyn kinase, a Src-family member, on tyrosine phosphorylation and Na,K-ATPase activity in membrane material isolated from porcine lens epithelium. Western blot studies indicate...