introduction: the carry of heavy backpacks by school children may be associated with several potential health consequences. the aim of this study was to determine the percentage of body weight represented by school backpacks and other related factors. materials and methods: the cross-sectional study has been done in eight primary schools in yazd city in which a total of 783 students’ boys (217 ...

In 1980, Chile began financing public and most private schools with vouchers. This paper uses 1997 data on over 150 000 Chilean eighth-graders to compare Spanish and mathematics achievement in six types of public and private schools, including voucher schools operated by Catholic and non-religious institutions. Initial findings suggest that Catholic voucher schools have a small advantage over m...

Employee absenteeism has long been studied in the areas of industrial organization and human resource management, but only recently have researchers in education policy paid attention to teacher absenteeism because of its effects on student achievement. Even then, no study has focused on comparing teacher-absence rates across school types. This study fills this gap in the literature by using a ...

n 1980, the U.S. Education Department, working with the National Opinion Research Center, began a panel study of high school students known as the “High School and Beyond Study.” The first wave of the study collected achievement test scores for approximately 50,000 high school students who were in either their sophomore or their senior year of high school. The survey also compiled detailed char...

Although four-handed dentistry is routine in most dental practices in the United States, solo unassisted clinical practice is the norm for students at many North American dental schools. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical productivity of fourth-year dental students practicing in a four-handed model to the clinical productivity of those same fourth-year dental students pract...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the age at menarche of girls, with or without weight excess, attending private and public schools in a city in Southeastern Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study comparing the age at menarche of 750 girls from private schools with 921 students from public schools, aged between 7 and 18 years. The menarche was reported by the status quo method and age at menarc...

Students' attitudes toward and reasons for choosing careers are of great interest for educational systems around the world. The aims of this study were to investigate Iranian dental students' motivations in choosing dentistry as a career and their attitudes toward their future profession. A cross-sectional study of a group of 219 out of 225 (response rate: 97 percent) final-year dental students...

Balochistan Province of Pakistan initiated two pilot programs attempting to induce the creation of private schools for poor girls. Randomized assignment to treatment and control groups are used to measure program effectiveness. The pilot schools were successful in urban areas, but relative failures in rural areas. Urban schools benefited from larger supplies of children not served by government...