The main contribution of this work is to propose efficient randomized leader election and initialization protocols for Packet Radio Networks (PRN, for short). As a result of the initialization protocol, the n stations of a PRN are assigned distinct integer IDs from 1 ton. The results include protocols to: (1) initialize the single-channel PRN with the collision detection (CD) capability in O(n)...

BACKGROUND Pro re nata (PRN) prescription is a frequently used prescription method in hospitals. This study was conducted to investigate actual condition of PRN prescription and whether administration error occurred because of perception difference between doctors and nurses. METHODS From May to July 2012, a survey was conducted among 746 doctors and nurses (88 doctors and 658 nurses) working...

Bordetella pertussis isolates that do not express pertactin (PRN) are increasing in regions where acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for >7 years. We analyzed data from France and compared clinical symptoms among infants <6 months old infected by PRN-positive or PRN-negative isolates. No major clinical differences were found between the 2 groups.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the mental health accreditation program drives improvements in the clinical practice of giving pro re nata (PRN) antipsychotic medications for psychiatric inpatients. METHODS This study was conducted in October 2012, a record-based pre-post assessment design in psychiatric inpatient wards at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data collected...

Two complementary approaches were used in search of the intracellular targets of the toxic PR poly-dipeptide encoded by the repeat sequences expanded in the C9orf72 form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The top categories of PRn-bound proteins include constituents of non-membrane invested cellular organelles and intermediate filaments. PRn targets are enriched for the inclusion of low complexi...

The virulence factor pertactin (Prn) is a component of pertussis vaccines and one of the most polymorphic Bordetella pertussis antigens. After the introduction of vaccination shifts in predominant Prn types were observed and strains with the Prn vaccine type (Prn1) were replaced by strains carrying non-vaccine types (Prn2 and Prn3), suggesting vaccine-driven selection. The aim of this study was...

Acceptable noise level (ANL) is unrelated to sentence recognition in noise but may be related to phoneme recognition in noise (PRN). Individual differences in efferent activity in medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) and acoustic reflex (AR) pathways may account for intersubject variability in ANL and PRN. Monotic and dichotic ANL, monotic PRN, contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoaco...

QUESTION I received a telephone call from my sister who lives in the United States. She is experiencing moderate symptoms of morning sickness, but she tells me that she was advised to treat her symptoms only pro re nata- meaning, when symptoms re-emerge. Does this make sense? ANSWER No, it does not. Typically, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy continue for weeks and months, and in some cases u...

Naturally occurring furanocoumarin compounds psoralen (PRN) and isopsoralen (IPRN) are bioactive constituents found in herbaceous plants. They are widely used as active ingredients in several Chinese herbal medicines. In this study, the CYP1A2 inhibitory potential of PRN and IPRN was investigated in rats in vitro and in vivo as well as in human liver microsomes. Both compounds exhibited reversi...

Naturally occurring furanocoumarin compounds psoralen (PRN) and isopsoralen (IPRN) are bioactive constituents found in herbaceous plants. They are widely used as active ingredients in several Chinese herbal medicines. In this study, the CYP1A2 inhibitory potential of PRN and IPRN was investigated in rats in vitro and in vivo as well as in human liver microsomes. Both compounds exhibited reversi...