At the beginning of 20th century, there was an active debate about random selection units versus purposive groups for survey samples. Neyman’s (1934) paper tilted balance strongly towards varieties probability sampling combined with design-based inference, and most national statistical offices have adopted this method their major surveys. However, nonprobability has remained in widespread use m...

1. What is a Survey? 2. Probability sampling 3. Common probability sampling designs 3.1. Simple Random Sampling 3.2. Stratified Sampling 3.3. Cluster Sampling 3.4. Unequal Probability Sampling 3.5. Systematic Sampling 3.6. Stratified Multistage Sampling 4. Survey estimates and standard errors 5. Nonsampling errors 6. Sampling rare populations 7. Issues in Survey Design Acknowledgments Glossary ...

Abstract Sample designs are typically developed to estimate summary statistics such as means, proportions and prevalences. Analytical outputs may also be a priority but there fewer methods results on how efficiently design samples for the fitting estimation of statistical models. This paper develops general approach determining efficient sampling probability-weighted maximum likelihood estimato...