This paper introduces TRIZ-based problem definition process for developing students’ creative problem solving ability in engineering education. TRIZ is the theory of inventive problem solving and was developed by a Soviet engineer and researcher Genrich Altshuller and its effectiveness was already proved by lots of real problem solving in various areas. Main obstructive elements of creativity a...

The shortest path tour problem (SPTP) consists of finding a shortest path from a given origin node s to a given destination node d in a directed graph with nonnegative arc lengths with the constraint that the optimal path P should successively pass through at least one node from given node subsets T1, T2, . . . , TN , where ⋂N k=1 Tk = ∅. In this paper, it will proved that the SPTP belongs to t...

Circular economy as an advanced development mode for harmonizing the problems among resource, environment and economy, is destined to be the choice for keeping on developing. It is the sustainable development strategy which based on reducing, reusing, recycling principle and the recommendation of circular economy was proposed to build resource-efficient and environmental-friendly society. How t...

In the previous lecture we covered polynomial time reductions and approximation algorithms for vertex cover and set cover problems. By reductions we showed that SAT, 3SAT, Independent Set, Vertex Cover, Integer Programming, and Clique problems are NP-Hard. In this lecture we will continue to cover approximation algorithms for maximum coverage and metric TSP problems. We will also cover Strong N...

Unstable angina is used interchangeably with a variety of other terms to refer to a clinical situation intermediate in severity between chronic effort angina and myocardial infarction. In most reports dealing with this syndrome, the patients were selected according to a number of criteria which varied from one study to another. Some authors recognized subgroups of patients with variable severit...