Torrefaction is a thermochemical process, where biomass obtained in temperature range from 200 to 300 °C, inert atmosphere with the aim increase carbon content of biomass. In this paper, emphasis on feedstock types, different effects torrefaction success, and reactors.

Microalgae harvesting by coagulation can use coagulant agents such as alum, synthetic polymers or biocoagulants. Biocoagulants have attracted the attention of researchers because they are natural, biodegradable, and promote high microalgal efficiencies. This study aims to optimize Chlorella vulgaris based on dosage Opuntia cochenillifera extract choice eluent for biopolymer extraction. The outd...

We present an integrated design and marketing approach to facilitate the generation of an optimal robust set of product design alternatives to carry forward to the prototyping stage. The approach considers variability in both (i) engineering design domain, and (ii) customer preferences in marketing domain. In the design domain, the approach evaluates performance and robustness of a design alter...

Electrical Discharge Machining performance is generally evaluated on the basis of Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Relative Wear Ratio (RWR) and Surface Roughness (SR). The important EDM machining parameters affecting to the performance measures of the process are discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off time, arc gap, and duty cycle [9]. A considerable amount of work has b...

Predicting the main cutting force during turning is of great importance as it helps in setting the appropriate cutting parameters before machining starts.Again, optimization of cutting parameters is one of the most important elements in any process planning of metal parts as economy of machining operation plays a key role in gaining competitive advantage. This paper presents an experimental stu...