‎Let $R$ be commutative ring with identity and $M$ be an $R$-module‎. ‎The zero divisor graph of $M$ is denoted $Gamma{(M)}$‎. ‎In this study‎, ‎we are going to generalize the zero divisor graph $Gamma(M)$ to submodule-based zero divisor graph $Gamma(M‎, ‎N)$ by replacing elements whose product is zero with elements whose product is in some submodules $N$ of $M$‎. ‎The main objective of this pa...

Vague graphs (VGs), belonging to the fuzzy (FGs) family, have good capabilities when faced with problems that cannot be expressed by FGs. The notion of a VG is new mathematical attitude model ambiguity and uncertainty in decision-making issues. A vague graph structure (VFGS) generalization VG. It powerful useful tool find influential person various relations. VFGSs can deal associated inconsist...

A defensive alliance in a graph is a set $S$ of vertices with the property that every vertex in $S$ has at most one moreneighbor outside of $S$ than it has inside of $S$. A defensive alliance $S$ is called global if it forms a dominating set. The global defensive alliance number of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a global defensive alliance in $G$. In this article we study the global ...

‎    The Narumi-Katayama index is the first topological index defined by the product of some graph theoretical quantities. Let G be a simple graph. Narumi-Katayama index of G is defined as the product of the degrees of the vertices of G. In this paper, we define the Narumi-Katayama polynomial of G. Next, we investigate some properties of this polynomial for graphs and then, we obtain ...

 In this paper, we introduce a suitable generalization of Cayley graphs that is defined over polygroups (GCP-graph) and give some examples and properties. Then, we mention a generalization of NEPS that contains some known graph operations and apply to GCP-graphs. Finally, we prove that the product of GCP-graphs is again a GCP-graph.

for two normal edge-transitive cayley graphs on groups h and k which have no common direct factor and gcd(jh=h ′j; jz(k)j) = 1 = gcd(jk=k ′j; jz(h)j), we consider four standard products of them and it is proved that only tensor product of factors can be normal edge-transitive.

The product vague graph (PVG) is one of the most significant issues in fuzzy theory, which has many applications medical sciences today. PVG can manage uncertainty, connected to unpredictable and unspecified data all real-world problems, graphs (FGs) will not conceivably ensue into generating adequate results. limitations previous definitions FGs have led us present new PVGs. Domination highly ...