tendency to optimization in last decades has resulted in creating multi-product manufacturing systems. production planning in such systems is difficult, because optimal production volume that is calculated must be consistent with limitation of production system. hence, integration has been proposed to decide about these problems concurrently. main problem in integration is how we can relate pro...

The French national agency for old age pensions has evolved, along a systemic vision of all the issues to be covered, a generic set of tools to design and process structured file formats. This set of tools has turned into a production grade modeling and validating suite which relies for its distribution on the continuous integration of its various components. As such, continuous integration has...

The growing interest in the relationships between transportation and globalization has spurred many inquires in the nature of production, consumption and distribution, especially within transport geography. It is widely acknowledged that improvements in transport and distribution have contributed to significant changes in the geographies of production (and vice versa). In a context of intense g...

Forward integration has been explained both as a method of achieving monopoly power and as a source of greater efficiency [6, 16]. An efficiency perspective underpins the work of Chandler and Williamson who regard vertical integration, particularly into distribution, as a crucial step in the creation and success of large firms. While their views have moved closer, Chandler and Williamson emphas...