This research examines the adoption of information technology in small and medium sized enterprises in Japan. SMEs comprise more than 99 percent of the total Japanese enterprises. These one million-plus businesses employ 72.7 percent of workers and account for more than 50 percent of the total value and almost 60 percent of the value added. SMEs are not only a crucial source of employment, but ...

traceability is an ability of system to provide status reports or records pertaining of the current situation in the past. in production systems, traceability to track the product or lot of a product and access to records in the entire production process (or part of the process) of the raw material to finished product that purchased and consumed by customer will be applied. traceability in prod...

the objectives of this study was to estimation of greenhouse gases (ghg) emissions and global warming in rice production and identify measures to reducing fossil energy use and greenhouse gases emissions. three rice production systems included sri, improved and conventional were studied. all activities, field operation and data in production methods and differents inputs rates were monitored an...

dynamic cellular manufacturing systems,   mixed-integer non-linear programming,   production planning, manufacturing attributes   this paper presents a novel mixed-integer non-linear programming model for the design of a dynamic cellular manufacturing system (dcms) based on production planning (pp) decisions and several manufacturing attributes. such an integrated dcms model with an extensive c...

The aim of this paper is to study the process of production system design in order to identify when and how network capabilities could and should be considered during this process. A case study, investigating the production system design process of a global contract manufacturer has been conducted.

agroforestry is one the aspects of sustainable agriculture in which multiple cropping of perennial trees in mixture with crops guarantees the environmental, economical and social sustainability in rural communities. high demands for forage in northern provinces of iran lead to agroforestry in citrus orchards as a potential mean for forage production through agroforestry systems. this research w...

nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients in crop production, but it's losses to the environment is harmful. the sundial model (simulation model of n dynamics in the soil) was used to quantify the cycle of n and it's losses in different production systems of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) in former khorasan province, east of iran. the data were collected from traditional, semi-me...